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The Olivetti company, an Italian manufacturer of computers, tablets, smartphones, printers and other such business products as calculators and fax machines, was founded as a typewriter manufacturer by Camillo Olivetti in 1908 in the Turin commune of Ivrea, Italy. Olivetti was a pioneer in computer development, starting with the mainframe systems in the 1950s, and continuing into the 1990s with PC-compatible laptops and desktops.

• History

• 1950–1960s

• 1970s

• 1980s

• 1990s

• Models

• Peripherals

• See also

• References

Between 1955 and 1964 Olivetti developed some of the first transistorized mainframe computer systems, such as the Elea 9003. Although 40 large commercial 9003 and over 100 smaller 6001 scientific machines were completed and leased to customers to 1964, low sales, loss of two key managers and financial instability caused Olivetti to withdraw from the field in 1964.

In 1965, Olivetti released the Programma 101, considered one of the first commercial desktop programmable calculators. It was saved from the sale of the computer division to GE thanks to an employee, Gastone Garziera, who spent successive nights changing the internal categorization of the product from "computer" to "calculator", so leaving the small team in Olivetti and creating some awkward situations in the office, since that space was now owned by GE.cite-ref-1[1]

In 1974, the firm released the TC800, an intelligent terminal designed to be attached to a mainframe and used in the finance sector. It was followed in 1977 by the TC1800.

Olivetti's first modern personal computer, the M20, featuring a Zilog Z8000 CPU, was released in 1982.cite-ref-2[2]

The M20 was followed in 1983 by the M24,cite-ref-3[3] a clone of the IBM PC using DOS and the Intel 8086 processor (at 8 MHz) instead of the Intel 8088 used by IBM (at 4.77 MHz). The M24 was sold in North America as the AT&T 6300. Olivetti also manufactured the AT&T 6300 Plus, which could run both DOS and Unix.cite-ref-4[4] The M24 was also sold as Xerox 6060 in the US, and as LogAbax PERSONA 1600 in France. The Olivetti M28 was the firm's first PC to have the Intel 80286 processor. It was sold in France as the LogAbax Persona 1800.cite-ref-5[5]cite-ref-6[6]

The same year Olivetti produced its M10 laptop computer,cite-ref-7[7] a 8085-based workalike of the successful Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100, which it marketed in Europe.cite-ref-8[8] These were the first laptops to sell in million-unit quantities, though the Olivetti M10 itself only attained sales figures in the tens of thousands and went out of production within two years.

In 1985, the company acquired a controlling share in the British computer manufacturer Acorn Computers Ltd; a third partner was Thomson SA. Olivetti sold the Thomson MO6 and Acorn BBC Master Compact with brand names Olivetti Prodest PC128 and PC128Scite-ref-9[9] respectively.

In 1987, Olivetti introduced the LSX line of computers which was based on the Motorola 68000 series of processors. They could run either Olivetti's proprietary MOS or Olivetti's own Unix variant, X/OS.cite-ref-10[10] Intended to replace Olivetti's existing Linea Uno (L1) range of multiuser systems, introduced in 1981, the reported $250 million investment in the LSX line by Olivetti was seen as a necessary measure to update its range, bringing increased performance, offering an upgrade path to existing customers (with a promise that existing L1 systems could be upgraded with a new processor card), and preserving a degree of control over product designs that would not have been possible by merely selling or adapting products from AT&T, at that time a significant shareholder in the company. For the high-end LSX models, Olivetti employed technologies from Edge Computer, an Arizona-based company pursuing higher-performance processor designs offering a degree of compatibility with the Motorola 68000 architecture.cite-ref-unixreview198802-olivetti-11-0[11]

In 1988, Olivetti released the M380/C, part of the Pandora project - an experimental system for multimedia applications.cite-ref-12[12] They also released the PC1 Prodest and PC1 HD (XT clones, similar to the Schneider Euro PC).cite-ref-13[13]cite-ref-14[14]

In 1989, the Olivetti M290S was released, featuring an Intel 80286 at 12 MHz, 1 MB of RAM and a 30 MB hard drive.cite-ref-15[15] That same year, the company presented their 80486-based next generation of workstations, with Olivetti's CP486 (Computing Platform 486) model (with EISA bus) being shown at CeBit. As part of a relaunch of the company's Open Systems Architecture (OSA) strategy in 1991, the CP486 was renamed to the LSX-5010, and an accompanying 33 MHz model was introduced as the LSX-5020, alongside the four-processor LSX-5030 and LSX-5040 systems. The CP486 provided sockets for a Weitek WTL4167 numeric co-processor and an Intel i860 RISC processor.cite-ref-byte199107-olivetti-16-0[16]

In 1990, Olivetti had its own distribution network in New Zealand through Essentially Software Ltd.cite-ref-17[17] (owned by Gary McNabb) located at Mt. Eden in Auckland and Wellington, where Olivetti M300-100 16 MHz PCs with 80386SX CPU were sold for NZ$7395 and used as graphical work station for design houses using Corel Draw as graphical program. The New Zealand distribution stopped in 1991 when Olivetti could not supply their PCs.

In 1991, Olivetti introduced the D33, a laptop in a carry case and the PCS 286S, a PC with VGA monitor and keyboard.cite-ref-18[18] Olivetti also sold quasi-portable 8086/8088-based PCs with an integrated keyboard and one or two integrated 3.5" floppy disk drives, running DOS 3.27, an Olivetti OEM version of PC DOS 3.20 with minor improvements like the M21 portable (based on M24) and the M15. Also later Olivetti produced interesting laptops like M111, M211, S20, D33, Philos and Echos series. A very interesting subnotebook was the Quaderno, about the same size as an A5 paper – it was the grandfather of the netbooks introduced 20 years later.

Although Olivetti had committed to a range of MIPS-based workstations running Windows NT, introducing the M700 series in 1992 with the M700-10 featuring a MIPS R4000PC processor,cite-ref-electronicnews19920504-olivetti-19-0[19] the company pursued a partnership with Digital Equipment Corporation in 1992, putting its MIPS-based offerings in doubt as the company announced its intention to eventually focus on only two product lines: one featuring Intel processors and the other Alpha processors.cite-ref-electronicnews19920706-olivetti-20-0[20] This partnership eventually led to the introduction of the LSX 7000 range of workstations and servers employing Digital's Alpha CPU in 1994.cite-ref-electronicnews19940829-olivetti-21-0[21] However, just as Olivetti had abandoned its development of products based on the MIPS architecture, discontinuing the M700 produced by its Japanese subsidiary, by 1993, the company had also narrowed its development focus "entirely" to systems based on Intel's Pentium, merely reselling "semi-finished" Digital products based on Alpha.cite-ref-electronicnews19930913-olivetti-22-0[22]

Olivetti did attempt to recover its position by introducing the Envision in 1995,cite-ref-23[23] a full multimedia PC, to be used in the living room; this project was a failure. Gateway also introduced a similar product in the U.S., called the Destination 2000, around the same period, to a similarly mixed commercial reception.cite-ref-pederson2004-24-0[24]

The company continued to develop personal computers until it sold its PC business in 1997.

| Name | Year | Type |

|---|---|---|

| Elea | 1957 | Mainframe |

| P101 (Programma 101) | 1964 | Programmable calculator |

| P102 | 1965 | Programmable calculator |

| P203 | 1967 | Personal computer |

| P602 | 1971 | Microcomputer |

| P603 | 1972 | Microcomputer |

| P652 | 1973 | Microcomputer |

| TC800 | 1974 | Mainframe |

| TC1800 | 1978 | Mainframe |

| P6060 | 1975 | Personal computer |

| P6040 | 1975 | Personal computer |

| P6066 | 1975 | Personal computer |

| Olivetti BCS | 1974–78 | Mainframe |

| M20 | 1982 | Personal computer |

| M10 | 1983 | Laptop |

| M30 | 1983 | Minicomputer |

| M40 | 1983 | Minicomputer |

| M44 | 1983 | Minicomputer |

| M60 | 1984 | Minicomputer |

| M24 | 1983 | Personal computer desktop |

| M21 | 1983 | Laptop |

| M19 | 1986 | Personal computer |

| M28 | 1986 | Personal computer |

| M70 | 1986 | Minicomputer |

| Prodest PC 128 | 1986 | Home Computer |

| M15 | 1987 | Laptop |

| Prodest PC 128s | 1987 | Home Computer |

| Prodest PC1 | 1988 | Home Computer |

| M200 | 1988 | Personal computer |

| M240 | 1984 | Personal computer |

| M280 | 1986 | Personal computer |

| M290 | 1984 | Personal computer |

| M380-40 | 1991 | |

| M380/C | 1988 | |

| M380 | 1988 | Personal Computer |

| M380 | 1988 | Personal Computer |

| M380 | 1989 | Personal Computer |

| M380 | 1990 | Personal Computer |

| PE28 | 1988 | |

| M111 | 1989 | Laptop |

| M260s | 1989 | Personal computer |

| M290S | 1989 | |

| P500 | 1989 | |

| M386-25 | 1990 | |

| PCS 386SX | 1991 | |

| PCS 86 | 1990 | Personal computer |

| PCS 286 | 1991 | Personal computer |

| M211 | 1989 | Laptop |

| M250 | 1989 | Personal computer |

| CP486 | 1989 | Personal computer |

| P800 | 1990 | Personal computer |

| LSX | 1987 | Personal computer |

| LSX 3005 | 1987 | Personal computer |

| LSX 3010 | 1987 | Personal computer |

| LSX 3015 | | Personal computer |

| LSX 3018/BS | | Personal computer |

| LSX 3020 | 1987 | Personal computer |

| LSX 520 | 1989 | Personal computer |

| LSX-5010 | 1991 | Personal computer |

| LSX-5015 | 1991 | Personal computer |

| LSX-5020 | | Personal computer |

| LSX-5030 | | Personal computer |

| PC PRO 486/33 | 1991 | |

| PC PRO 290SP | | |

| M400-40 | 1992 | |

| M6-460 Suprema | 1994 | |

| M290-30 | 1988 | |

| M480 | 1990 | Personal computer |

| M480 | | Personal computer |

| M480 | | Personal computer |

| M316 | 1991 | Laptop |

| M300 | 1988 | Personal computer |

| M300 | | Personal computer |

| M300 | | Personal computer |

| M300 | | Personal computer |

| M300 | | Personal computer |

| LSX-5030 | 1992 | Personal computer |

| S20 | 1991 | Laptop |

| D33 | 1991 | Laptop |

| Quaderno | 1992 | Netbook |

| Philos | 1993 | Laptop |

| Echos | 1995 | Laptop |

| Envision | 1995 | Multimedia |

| Modulo M4 | 1992 | Personal computer |

| Modulo M4 | 1992 | Personal computer |

| Modulo M4 | 1995 | Personal computer |

| Modulo M4 | 1996 | Personal computer |

| Modulo M4 | 1996 | Personal computer |

| Modulo M4 | 1996 | Personal computer |

| M8500 | 1999 | Personal computer |

| Name | CPU |

|---|---|

| Elea | Transistor based |

| P101 (Programma 101) | Transistor based |

| P102 | Transistor based |

| P203 | Transistor based |

| P602 | Integrated circuit |

| P603 | Integrated circuit |

| P6060 | PUCE1/PUCE2 TTL |

| P6040 | Intel 8080 |

| P6066 | Similar to P6060 |

| Olivetti BCS | Business Computer Systems, from 1974–19… |

| M20 | Zilog Z8001 4 MHz |

| M10 | Intel 80C85 CMOS at 3 MHz |

| M30 | Zilog Z8001 |

| M40 | Zilog Z8001 |

| M44 | Zilog Z8001 |

| M60 | Zilog Z8001 |

| M24 | Intel 8086 (16 bit) at 8 MHz – Optional… |

| M21 | Intel 8086 (16 bit) at 4 MHz – Optional… |

| M19 | AMD 8088 4.77 MHz |

| M28 | Intel 80286 8 MHz |

| M70 | Zilog Z8001 |

| Prodest PC 128 | Motorola 6809e 1 MHz |

| M15 | Intel 80C88 4.77 MHz |

| Prodest PC 128s | MOS 6512 2 MHz |

| Prodest PC1 | NEC V40 4.77-8 MHz, XT clone |

| M200 | NEC V40 8 MHz |

| M240 | Intel 8086 8 MHz |

| M280 | Intel 80286 12 MHz |

| M290 | Intel 80286 12 MHz |

| M380 | Intel 80186 |

| M380 | Intel 80386 DX 20 MHz |

| M380 | Intel 80386DX 25 MHz |

| M380 | Intel 80386SX 33 MHz |

| M111 | NEC V30 10 MHz |

| M260s | Intel 80286 12 MHz (16 bit) |

| PCS 86 | NEC V30 10 MHz |

| PCS 286 | Intel 80286 12.5 MHz |

| M211 | Intel 80286 |

| M250 | Intel 80286 8 MHz |

| CP486 | Intel 80486 DX 25 MHz |

| P800 | Intel 80486DX 25 MHz |

| LSX | Motorola 68k |

| LSX 3005 | Motorola 68k |

| LSX 3010 | Motorola 68k |

| LSX 3015 | Motorola 68k |

| LSX 3020 | Motorola 68k |

| M480 | Intel 80486SX 20 MHz |

| M480 | Intel 80486SX 33 MHz |

| M480 | Intel 80486DX 33 MHz |

| M316 | Intel 80386SX 16 MHz |

| M300 | Intel 80386SX 20 MHz |

| M300 | Intel 80386SX 20 MHz |

| M300 | Intel 80486 25/50 MHz |

| LSX-5030 | Intel 80486DX 33 MHz |

| S20 | Intel 80386SX 16 MHz |

| D33 | Intel 80386 33 MHz |

| Quaderno | NEC V30 HL 16 MHz |

| Echos | Intel Pentium I 75 MHz Socket 5 |

| Envision | Intel Pentium I 75 MHz Socket 5 |

| Modulo M4 | Intel 80486 SX 25 MHz |

| Modulo M4 | Pentium 75 MHz |

| Modulo M4 | Intel Pentium-S 75 MHz |

| Modulo M4 | Intel Pentium 100 MHz |

| Modulo M4 | Intel Pentium 133 MHz |

| M8500 | Intel Pentium III 500 MHz |

| Name | Created by |

|---|---|

| Elea | Mario Tchou |

| P101 (Programma 101) | Pier Giorgio Perotto |

| P102 | Pier Giorgio Perotto |

| P203 | Pier Giorgio Perotto |

| P6060 | Pier Giorgio Perotto |

| P6040 | Pier Giorgio Perotto |

| P6066 | Pier Giorgio Perotto |

| M20 | Enrico Pesatori, Enzo Torresi and proje… |

| M24 | Luigi Mercurio, Sandro Graciotti |

| Name | Design by |

|---|---|

| Elea | Ettore Sottsass |

| P101 (Programma 101) | Mario Bellini (chassis) |

| P102 | Mario Bellini |

| P203 | Mario Bellini |

| P652 | Mario Bellini |

| P6060 | Ettore Sottsass and G. Sowden |

| P6040 | Mario Bellini |

| M20 | Ettore Sottsass Antonio Macchi Cassia G… |

| M10 | Antonio Macchi Cassia Perry A. King |

| M30 | George Sowden |

| M40 | George Sowden |

| M44 | George Sowden |

| M60 | George Sowden |

| M24 | E. Sottsass |

| M111 | Mario Bellini Bruce Fifield |

| Quaderno | Mario Bellini |

| Philos | Michele De Lucchi and Hagai Shvadron |

| Echos | Michele De Lucchi |

| Envision | Michele De Lucchi |

| Name | Notes |

|---|---|

| Elea | Elea series (1957–64). Entirely Transis… |

| P101 (Programma 101) | In New York's MoMA . Golden Compass Awa… |

| P102 | Version of Programma 101 with an RS-232… |

| P203 | P101 with Tekne 3 and Editor 4. For bus… |

| P602 | For technical or scientific usage |

| P603 | P602 with Editor 4. For business. |

| P652 | For technical or scientific usage |

| TC800 | Banking terminal |

| P6060 | For technical or scientific usage |

| P6040 | First Olivetti computer to use a microp… |

| M20 | First Olivetti personal computer in 198… |

| M10 | First laptop. Present under different b… |

| M30 | Linea L1. Operating system COSMOS IV (M… |

| M40 | Linea L1. Operating system COSMOS IV (M… |

| M44 | Linea L1 |

| M60 | Linea L1. Operating system COSMOS IV (M… |

| M24 | IBM PC compatible ; First Olivetti MS-D… |

| M21 | Portable version of the M24 with an int… |

| M19 | Economical model |

| M70 | Linea L1. Operating system COSMOS IV (M… |

| Prodest PC 128 | Rebranded Thomson MO6 , first on the Ol… |

| M15 | Removable keyboard. First laptop. |

| Prodest PC 128s | Sold as the BBC Master Compact outside… |

| Prodest PC1 | Third in the Olivetti Prodest series. |

| M200 | Parallel project to the ETV 2700 typewr… |

| M380/C | proprietary "Pandora" OS |

| M380 | Model 380/C |

| M380 | Model XP1 and XP5 |

| M380 | Model XP7 (tower) |

| M380 | Model XP9 (tower) Operating system SCO… |

| M111 | Operating system DOS 3.30 |

| M260s | Parallel project to the ETV 4000s typew… |

| M211 | Operating system Windows 3.0 |

| M250 | The 250-E model was clocked at 12 MHz |

| CP486 | Tower, EISA, "Computing Platform" |

| P800 | Tower. Olivetti MS-DOS 5.00, MS Windows… |

| M480 | Model M480-10 (EISA) |

| M480 | M480-20 (EISA) |

| M480 | M480-40/60 (EISA) |

| M300 | Model M300-02 |

| M300 | Model M300-30 |

| M300 | Model M300-04 |

| M300 | Model M300-10 |

| M300 | Model M300-28 |

| LSX-5030 | Tower, EISA |

| S20 | Triumph-Adler Walkstadtion 386SX |

| D33 | Triumph-Adler Walkstadtion 386 |

| Quaderno | precursor to the netbooks 1992, 25th SM… |

| Philos | Models: 11, 22, 33, and 44. |

| Echos | P75 and P100d |

| Envision | Model P75. Innovative product but a com… |

| Modulo M4 | M4-M40 |

| Modulo M4 | M4-M464 |

| Modulo M4 | M4-P75 |

| Modulo M4 | M4-P75S |

| Modulo M4 | M4-P100 |

| Modulo M4 | M4-P133 |

| M8500 | DT desktop, MT minitower |

• PR40, PR2, PR2-e, PR2+, PR2-10 Scanner Printer which was used in banking sectors

• PG-series and PGL-series – black and white digital printers

• d-Color p-series color digital printers

• A3 and A4 series MFP

• Macchine per scrivere della Olivetti (it): the list of every model of Olivetti typewriter and related article on the Italian Wikipedia

• Olivetti typewriters

cite-note-11. ↑ "Programma 101 Memory of the Future: Quando Olivetti Inventò il PC" [When Olivetti invented the PC] (Google You tube). History Channel (in Italian). June 26, 2011.

cite-note-22. ↑ "Olivetti M20 D - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

cite-note-33. ↑ "Olivetti M24 - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

cite-note-44. ↑ InfoWorld (Google Books). 1986-12-01. Retrieved 2012-03-10.

cite-note-55. ↑ "Logabax Persona 1600". silicium.org.

cite-note-66. ↑ "Logabax histoire". www.silicium.org.

cite-note-77. ↑ "Olivetti M10 - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

cite-note-88. ↑ "The Olivetti M10". Yet Another Computer Museum. fjkraan.

cite-note-99. ↑ "Olivetti Prodest PC 128S - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk.

cite-note-1010. ↑ "Uncle Miod's machineroom". Retrieved 2012-12-02.

cite-note-unixreview198802-olivetti-1111. ↑ citereffaden1988Faden, Michael (February 1988). "Olivetti: Biting the Hand that Feeds It?". UNIX Review. pp. 14, 16, 20, 22–23. Retrieved 2 June 2022.

cite-note-1212. ↑ "Olivetti M380/C (Pandora Project) - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

cite-note-1313. ↑ "Olivetti PC1 Prodest - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

cite-note-1414. ↑ "Olivetti Prodest PC1 HD - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

cite-note-1515. ↑ "Olivetti M290S - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

cite-note-byte199107-olivetti-1616. ↑ citereflavin1991Lavin, Paul (July 1991). "Olivetti Broadens Its Product Line". Byte. pp. 72IS-55, 72IS-56, 72IS-58, 72IS-59. Retrieved 3 June 2022.

cite-note-1717. ↑ Software spectrum acquires Australia, New Zealand supplier of PC... (article), The free library.

cite-note-1818. ↑ "Olivetti - Company - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

cite-note-electronicnews19920504-olivetti-1919. ↑ "Olivetti's RISC Line". Electronic News. 4 May 1992. p. 6. Retrieved 20 June 2022.

cite-note-electronicnews19920706-olivetti-2020. ↑ citereflineback1992Lineback, J. Robert (6 July 1992). "Olivetti Sets First Alpha Offering". Electronic News. p. 25. Retrieved 20 June 2022.

cite-note-electronicnews19940829-olivetti-2121. ↑ citerefhaber1994Haber, Carol (29 August 1994). "DEC Sells Olivetti Stake As Alpha Struggle Festers". Electronic News. pp. 1, 2, 4. Retrieved 20 June 2022.

cite-note-electronicnews19930913-olivetti-2222. ↑ "Data Topics". Electronic News. 13 September 1993. p. 14. Retrieved 20 June 2022.

cite-note-2323. ↑ "Olivetti Envision". Ultimate Console Database. Archived from the original on 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2012-03-10.

cite-note-pederson2004-2424. ↑ citerefpederson2004Pederson, Jay P., ed. (2004). International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 63. St. James Press. ISBN 9781558623248 – via Google Books.

cite-note-251. "Programma P101/P102 Olivetti". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 2022-08-18.

cite-note-262. "Catalog - Olivetti P203 - A.Museum". amuseum.bg. Retrieved 2022-08-18.

cite-note-273. "TC800: un sistema innovativo per l'automazione di agenzia" [TC800: an innovative system for agency automation]. Archivi Olivetti (in Italian).

cite-note-284. "Sviluppo dei sistemi modulari in Olivetti negli anni '70" [Development of modular systems in Olivetti in the 70s]. Archivi Olivetti (in Italian).

cite-note-1-295. "Un computer su ogni scrivania: la Olivetti and i primi PC". Retrieved 4 September 2020.

cite-note-306. "Olivetti P 6040, 1977". Retrieved 4 September 2020.

cite-note-317. citerefdavide-fornaridavide-turrini2022Davide Fornari; Davide Turrini (2022). Olivetti Identities : Spaces and Languages 1933-1983 (1. Auflage ed.). ISBN 978-3-03863-060-9. OCLC 1226308831.

cite-note-8-328. citerefemilioEmilio. "L'avventura Olivetti". Retrieved 16 September 2020.

cite-note-auto1-339. "Olivetti - Company - Computing History". www.computinghistory.org.uk.

cite-note-3410. "OLIVETTI M 20, 1981". Retrieved 4 September 2020.

cite-note-3511. "OLIVETTI M 10, 1983". Retrieved 4 September 2020.

cite-note-3612. "1980 1970 Sowden Olivetti System L1". George Sowden. Retrieved 2022-08-19.

cite-note-tibos-3713. "TiBo's Retro Computers". YouTube.

cite-note-acornuser198611-prodest-3814. "Italian Compact set for success". Acorn User. November 1986. p. 7. Retrieved 5 September 2020.

cite-note-3915. "Olivetti M290-30".

cite-note-4016. "M290-30 characteristics" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-06-11.

cite-note-4117. "Computer portatile Quaderno". Archivi Olivetti (in Italian).

cite-note-4218. Quaderno vs EeePC Archived 2015-12-10 at the Wayback Machine Olivetti Quaderno images

cite-note-4319. "Computer portatile Philos 44". Archivi Olivetti (in Italian).

cite-note-laptops-4420. "Lavorare dovunque: i computer portatili Olivetti". Storia Olivetti (in Italian).

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